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Title 40: Protection of Environment
CHAPTER I: ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED)
SUBCHAPTER C: AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED)
PART 63: NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS FOR SOURCE CATEGORIES
Subpart LLL: National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants From the Portland Cement Manufacturing Industry
: Monitoring and Compliance Provisions
63.1350 - Monitoring requirements.
(a) The owner or operator of each portland cement plant shall prepare for each affected source subject to the provisions of this subpart, a written operations and maintenance plan. The plan shall be submitted to the Administrator for review and approval as part of the application for a part 70 permit and shall include the following information:
(1) Procedures for proper operation and maintenance of the affected source and air pollution control devices in order to meet the emission limits and operating limits of ?? 63.1343 through 63.1348;
(2) Corrective actions to be taken when required by paragraph (e) of this section;
(3) Procedures to be used during an inspection of the components of the combustion system of each kiln and each in-line kiln raw mill located at the facility at least once per year; and
(4) Procedures to be used to periodically monitor affected sources subject to opacity standards under ?? 63.1346 and 63.1348. Such procedures must include the provisions of paragraphs (a)(4)(i) through (a)(4)(iv) of this section.
(i) The owner or operator must conduct a monthly 1-minute visible emissions test of each affected source in accordance with Method 22 of Appendix A to part 60 of this chapter. The test must be conducted while the affected source is in operation.
(ii) If no visible emissions are observed in six consecutive monthly tests for any affected source, the owner or operator may decrease the frequency of testing from monthly to semi-annually for that affected source. If visible emissions are observed during any semi-annual test, the owner or operator must resume testing of that affected source on a monthly basis and maintain that schedule until no visible emissions are observed in six consecutive monthly tests.
(iii) If no visible emissions are observed during the semi-annual test for any affected source, the owner or operator may decrease the frequency of testing from semi-annually to annually for that affected source. If visible emissions are observed during any annual test, the owner or operator must resume testing of that affected source on a monthly basis and maintain that schedule until no visible emissions are observed in six consecutive monthly tests.
(iv) If visible emissions are observed during any Method 22 test, the owner or operator must conduct a 6-minute test of opacity in accordance with Method 9 of appendix A to part 60 of this chapter. The Method 9 test must begin within one hour of any observation of visible emissions.
(v) The requirement to conduct Method 22 visible emissions monitoring under this paragraph shall not apply to any totally enclosed conveying system transfer point, regardless of the location of the transfer point. ?Totally enclosed conveying system transfer point? shall mean a conveying system transfer point that is enclosed on all sides, top, and bottom. The enclosures for these transfer points shall be operated and maintained as total enclosures on a continuing basis in accordance with the facility operations and maintenance plan.
(vi) If any partially enclosed or unenclosed conveying system transfer point is located in a building, the owner or operator of the portland cement plant shall have the option to conduct a Method 22 visible emissions monitoring test according to the requirements of paragraphs (a)(4)(i) through (iv) of this section for each such conveying system transfer point located within the building, or for the building itself, according to paragraph (a)(4)(vii) of this section.
(vii) If visible emissions from a building are monitored, the requirements of paragraphs (a)(4)(i) through (iv) of this section apply to the monitoring of the building, and you must also test visible emissions from each side, roof and vent of the building for at least 1 minute. The test must be conducted under normal operating conditions.
(b) Failure to comply with any provision of the operations and maintenance plan developed in accordance with paragraph (a) of this section shall be a violation of the standard.
(c) The owner or operator of a kiln or in-line kiln/raw mill shall monitor opacity at each point where emissions are vented from these affected sources including alkali bypasses in accordance with paragraphs (c)(1) through (c)(3) of this section.
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (c)(2) of this section, the owner or operator shall install, calibrate, maintain, and continuously operate a continuous opacity monitor (COM) located at the outlet of the PM control device to continuously monitor the opacity. The COM shall be installed, maintained, calibrated, and operated as required by subpart A, general provisions of this part, and according to PS-1 of appendix B to part 60 of this chapter.
(2) The owner or operator of a kiln or in-line kiln/raw mill subject to the provisions of this subpart using a fabric filter with multiple stacks or an electrostatic precipitator with multiple stacks may, in lieu of installing the continuous opacity monitoring system required by paragraph (c)(1) of this section, monitor opacity in accordance with paragraphs (c)(2)(i) through (ii) of this section. If the control device exhausts through a monovent, or if the use of a COM in accordance with the installation specifications of PS-1 of appendix B to part 60 of this chapter is not feasible, the owner or operator must monitor opacity in accordance with paragraphs (c)(2)(i) through (ii) of this section.
(i) Perform daily visual opacity observations of each stack in accordance with the procedures of Method 9 of appendix A to part 60 of this chapter. The Method 9 test shall be conducted while the affected source is operating at the representative performance conditions. The duration of the Method 9 test shall be at least 30 minutes each day.
(ii) Use the Method 9 procedures to monitor and record the average opacity for each six-minute period during the test.
(3) To remain in compliance, the opacity must be maintained such that the 6-minute average opacity for any 6-minute block period does not exceed 20 percent. If the average opacity for any 6-minute block period exceeds 20 percent, this shall constitute a violation of the standard.
(d) The owner or operator of a clinker cooler shall monitor opacity at each point where emissions are vented from the clinker cooler in accordance with paragraphs (d)(1) through (d)(3) of this section.
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (d)(2) of this section, the owner or operator shall install, calibrate, maintain, and continuously operate a COM located at the outlet of the clinker cooler PM control device to continuously monitor the opacity. The COM shall be installed, maintained, calibrated, and operated as required by subpart A, general provisions of this part, and according to PS-1 of appendix B to part 60 of this chapter.
(2) The owner or operator of a clinker cooler subject to the provisions of this subpart using a fabric filter with multiple stacks or an electrostatic precipitator with multiple stacks may, in lieu of installing the continuous opacity monitoring system required by paragraph (d)(1) of this section, monitor opacity in accordance with paragraphs (d)(2)(i) through (ii) of this section. If the control device exhausts through a monovent, or if the use of a COM in accordance with the installation specifications of PS-1 of appendix B to part 60 of this chapter is not feasible, the owner or operator must monitor opacity in accordance with paragraphs (d)(2)(i) through (ii) of this section.
(i) Perform daily visual opacity observations of each stack in accordance with the procedures of Method 9 of appendix A to part 60 of this chapter. The Method 9 test shall be conducted while the affected source is operating at the representative performance conditions. The duration of the Method 9 test shall be at least 30 minutes each day.
(ii) Use the Method 9 procedures to monitor and record the average opacity for each six-minute period during the test.
(3) To remain in compliance, the opacity must be maintained such that the 6-minute average opacity for any 6-minute block period does not exceed 10 percent. If the average opacity for any 6-minute block period exceeds 10 percent, this shall constitute a violation of the standard.
(e) The owner or operator of a raw mill or finish mill shall monitor opacity by conducting daily visual emissions observations of the mill sweep and air separator PMCD of these affected sources in accordance with the procedures of Method 22 of appendix A to part 60 of this chapter. The Method 22 test shall be conducted while the affected source is operating at the representative performance conditions. The duration of the Method 22 test shall be 6 minutes. If visible emissions are observed during any Method 22 visible emissions test, the owner or operator must:
(1) Initiate, within one-hour, the corrective actions specified in the site specific operating and maintenance plan developed in accordance with paragraphs (a)(1) and (a)(2) of this section; and
(2) Within 24 hours of the end of the Method 22 test in which visible emissions were observed, conduct a followup Method 22 test of each stack from which visible emissions were observed during the previous Method 22 test. If visible emissions are observed during the followup Method 22 test from any stack from which visible emissions were observed during the previous Method 22 test, conduct a visual opacity test of each stack from which emissions were observed during the follow up Method 22 test in accordance with Method 9 of appendix A to part 60 of this chapter. The duration of the Method 9 test shall be 30 minutes.
(f) The owner or operator of an affected source subject to a limitation on D/F emissions shall monitor D/F emissions in accordance with paragraphs (f)(1) through (f)(6) of this section.
(1) The owner or operator shall install, calibrate, maintain, and continuously operate a continuous monitor to record the temperature of the exhaust gases from the kiln, in-line kiln/raw mill and alkali bypass, if applicable, at the inlet to, or upstream of, the kiln, in-line kiln/raw mill and/or alkali bypass PM control devices.
(i) The recorder response range must include zero and 1.5 times either of the average temperatures established according to the requirements in ? 63.1349(b)(3)(iv).
(ii) The reference method must be a National Institute of Standards and Technology calibrated reference thermocouple-potentiometer system or alternate reference, subject to approval by the Administrator.
(2) The owner or operator shall monitor and continuously record the temperature of the exhaust gases from the kiln, in-line kiln/raw mill and alkali bypass, if applicable, at the inlet to the kiln, in-line kiln/raw mill and/or alkali bypass PMCD.
(3) The three-hour rolling average temperature shall be calculated as the average of 180 successive one-minute average temperatures.
(4) Periods of time when one-minute averages are not available shall be ignored when calculating three-hour rolling averages. When one-minute averages become available, the first one-minute average is added to the previous 179 values to calculate the three-hour rolling average.
(5) When the operating status of the raw mill of the in-line kiln/raw mill is changed from off to on, or from on to off the calculation of the three-hour rolling average temperature must begin anew, without considering previous recordings.
(6) The calibration of all thermocouples and other temperature sensors shall be verified at least once every three months.
(g) The owner or operator of an affected source subject to an emissions limitation on D/F, THC or mercury emissions that employs carbon injection as an emission control technique shall comply with the monitoring requirements of paragraphs (f)(1) through (f)(6) and (g)(1) through (g)(6) of this section to demonstrate continuous compliance with the D/F, THC or mercury emissions standard.
(1) Install, operate, calibrate and maintain a continuous monitor to record the rate of activated carbon injection. The accuracy of the rate measurement device must be ?1 percent of the rate being measured.
(2) Verify the calibration of the device at least once every three months.
(3) The three-hour rolling average activated carbon injection rate shall be calculated as the average of 180 successive one-minute average activated carbon injection rates.
(4) Periods of time when one-minute averages are not available shall be ignored when calculating three-hour rolling averages. When one-minute averages become available, the first one-minute average is added to the previous 179 values to calculate the three-hour rolling average.
(5) When the operating status of the raw mill of the in-line kiln/raw mill is changed from off to on, or from on to off, the calculation of the three-hour rolling average activated carbon injection rate must begin anew, without considering previous recordings.
(6) The owner or operator must install, operate, calibrate and maintain a continuous monitor to record the activated carbon injection system carrier gas parameter (either the carrier gas flow rate or the carrier gas pressure drop) established during the mercury, THC or D/F performance test in accordance with paragraphs (g)(6)(i) through (g)(6)(iii) of this section.
(i) The owner or operator shall install, calibrate, operate and maintain a device to continuously monitor and record the parameter value.
(ii) The owner or operator must calculate and record three-hour rolling averages of the parameter value.
(iii) Periods of time when one-minute averages are not available shall be ignored when calculating three-hour rolling averages. When one-minute averages become available, the first one-minute average shall be added to the previous 179 values to calculate the three-hour rolling average.
(h) The owner or operator of an affected source subject to a limitation on THC emissions under this subpart shall comply with the monitoring requirements of paragraphs (h)(1) through (h)(3) of this section to demonstrate continuous compliance with the THC emission standard:
(1) The owner or operator shall install, operate and maintain a THC continuous emission monitoring system in accordance with Performance Specification 8A, of appendix B to part 60 of this chapter and comply with all of the requirements for continuous monitoring systems found in the general provisions, subpart A of this part.
(2) The owner or operator is not required to calculate hourly rolling averages in accordance with section 4.9 of Performance Specification 8A if they are only complying with the 50 ppmv THC emissions limit.
(3) For facilities complying with the 50 ppmv THC emissions limit, any thirty-day block average THC concentration in any gas discharged from a greenfield raw material dryer, the main exhaust of a greenfield kiln, or the main exhaust of a greenfield in-line kiln/raw mill, exceeding 50 ppmvd, reported as propane, corrected to seven percent oxygen, is a violation of the standard.
(4) For new facilities complying with the 20 ppmv THC emissions limit, any hourly average THC concentration in any gas discharged from a raw material dryer, the main exhaust of a greenfield kiln, or the main exhaust of a kiln or in-line kiln/raw mill, exceeding 20 ppmvd, reported as propane, corrected to seven percent oxygen, is a violation of the standard.
(i) Theowneroroperatorofanykilnorin-linekiln/rawmillsubjecttoaD/F emission limit under this subpart shall conduct an inspection of the components of the combustion system of each kiln or in-line kiln raw mill at least once per year.
(j) The owner or operator of an affected source subject to a limitation on opacity under ? 63.1346 or ? 63.1348 shall monitor opacity in accordance with the operation and maintenance plan developed in accordance with paragraph (a) of this section.
(k) The owner or operator of an affected source subject to a particulate matter standard under ? 63.1343 shall install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a particulate matter continuous emission monitoring system (PM CEMS) to measure the particulate matter discharged to the atmosphere. All requirements relating to installation, calibration, maintenance, operation or performance of the PM CEMS and implementation of the PM CEMS requirement are deferred pending further rulemaking.
(l) An owner or operator may submit an application to the Administrator for approval of alternate monitoring requirements to demonstrate compliance with the emission standards of this subpart, except for emission standards for THC, subject to the provisions of paragraphs (l)(1) through (l)(6) of this section.
(1) The Administrator will not approve averaging periods other than those specified in this section, unless the owner or operator documents, using data or information, that the longer averaging period will ensure that emissions do not exceed levels achieved during the performance test over any increment of time equivalent to the time required to conduct three runs of the performance test.
(2) If the application to use an alternate monitoring requirement is approved, the owner or operator must continue to use the original monitoring requirement until approval is received to use another monitoring requirement.
(3) The owner or operator shall submit the application for approval of alternate monitoring requirements no later than the notification of performance test. The application must contain the information specified in paragraphs (l)(3)(i) through (l)(3)(iii) of this section:
(i) Data or information justifying the request, such as the technical or economic infeasibility, or the impracticality of using the required approach;
(ii) A description of the proposed alternative monitoring requirement, including the operating parameter to be monitored, the monitoring approach and technique, the averaging period for the limit, and how the limit is to be calculated; and
(iii) Data or information documenting that the alternative monitoring requirement would provide equivalent or better assurance of compliance with the relevant emission standard.
(4) The Administrator will notify the owner or operator of the approval or denial of the application within 90 calendar days after receipt of the original request, or within 60 calendar days of the receipt of any supplementary information, whichever is later. The Administrator will not approve an alternate monitoring application unless it would provide equivalent or better assurance of compliance with the relevant emission standard. Before disapproving any alternate monitoring application, the Administrator will provide:
(i) Notice of the information and findings upon which the intended disapproval is based; and
(ii) Notice of opportunity for the owner or operator to present additional supporting information before final action is taken on the application. This notice will specify how much additional time is allowed for the owner or operator to provide additional supporting information.
(5) The owner or operator is responsible for submitting any supporting information in a timely manner to enable the Administrator to consider the application prior to the performance test. Neither submittal of an application, nor the Administrator's failure to approve or disapprove the application relieves the owner or operator of the responsibility to comply with any provision of this subpart.
(6) The Administrator may decide at any time, on a case-by-case basis that additional or alternative operating limits, or alternative approaches to establishing operating limits, are necessary to demonstrate compliance with the emission standards of this subpart.
(m) The requirements under paragraph (e) of this section to conduct daily Method 22 testing shall not apply to any specific raw mill or finish mill equipped with a continuous opacity monitor COM or bag leak detection system (BLDS). If the owner or operator chooses to install a COM in lieu of conducting the daily visual emissions testing required under paragraph (e) of this section, then the COM must be installed at the outlet of the PM control device of the raw mill or finish mill, and the COM must be installed, maintained, calibrated, and operated as required by the general provisions in subpart A of this part and according to PS-1 of appendix B to part 60 of this chapter. To remain in compliance, the opacity must be maintained such that the 6-minute average opacity for any 6-minute block period does not exceed 10 percent. If the average opacity for any 6-minute block period exceeds 10 percent, this shall constitute a violation of the standard. If the owner or operator chooses to install a BLDS in lieu of conducting the daily visual emissions testing required under paragraph (e) of this section, the requirements in paragraphs (m)(1) through (9) of this section apply to each BLDS:
(1) The BLDS must be certified by the manufacturer to be capable of detecting PM emissions at concentrations of 10 milligrams per actual cubic meter (0.0044 grains per actual cubic foot) or less. ?Certify? shall mean that the instrument manufacturer has tested the instrument on gas streams having a range of particle size distributions and confirmed by means of valid filterable PM tests that the minimum detectable concentration limit is at or below 10 milligrams per actual cubic meter (0.0044 grains per actual cubic foot) or less.
(2) The sensor on the BLDS must provide output of relative PM emissions.
(3) The BLDS must have an alarm that will activate automatically when it detects a significant increase in relative PM emissions greater than a preset level.
(4) The presence of an alarm condition should be clearly apparent to facility operating personnel.
(5) For a positive-pressure fabric filter, each compartment or cell must have a bag leak detector. For a negative-pressure or induced-air fabric filter, the bag leak detector must be installed downstream of the fabric filter. If multiple bag leak detectors are required (for either type of fabric filter), detectors may share the system instrumentation and alarm.
(6) All BLDS must be installed, operated, adjusted, and maintained so that they are based on the manufacturer's written specifications and recommendations. The EPA recommends that where appropriate, the standard operating procedures manual for each bag leak detection system include concepts from EPA's ?Fabric Filter Bag Leak Detection Guidance? (EPA-454/R-98-015, September 1997).
(7) The baseline output of the system must be established as follows:
(i) Adjust the range and the averaging period of the device; and
(ii) Establish the alarm set points and the alarm delay time.
(8) After initial adjustment, the range, averaging period, alarm set points, or alarm delay time may not be adjusted except as specified in the operations and maintenance plan required by paragraph (a) of this section. In no event may the range be increased by more than 100 percent or decreased by more than 50 percent over a 1 calendar year period unless a responsible official as defined in ? 63.2 certifies in writing to the Administrator that the fabric filter has been inspected and found to be in good operating condition.
(9) The owner or operator must maintain and operate the fabric filter such that the bag leak detector alarm is not activated and alarm condition does not exist for more than 5 percent of the total operating time in a 6-month block period. Each time the alarm activates, alarm time will be counted as the actual amount of time taken by the owner or operator to initiate corrective actions. If inspection of the fabric filter demonstrates that no corrective actions are necessary, no alarm time will be counted. The owner or operator must continuously record the output from the BLDS during periods of normal operation. Normal operation does not include periods when the BLDS is being maintained or during startup, shutdown or malfunction.
(n) Any kiln or kiln/in-line raw mill using a control device (other then ACI) to comply with a mercury emissions limit or equipment standard will monitor the control device parameters as specified in 40 CFR part 63 subpart SS.
(o) For kilns and in-line kilns/raw mills complying with the requirements in Section 63.1344(g), each owner or operator must obtain a certification from the supplier for each shipment of fly ash received to demonstrate that the fly ash was not derived from a source in which the use of activated carbon, or any other sorbent, is used as a method of mercury emissions control. The certification shall include the name of the supplier and a signed statement from the supplier confirming that the fly ash was not derived from a source in which the use of activated carbon, or any other sorbent, is used as a method of emission control.
(p) If the facility opts to use a fly ash derived from a source in which the use of activated carbon, or any other sorbent, is used as a method of mercury emissions control and demonstrate that the use of this fly ash does not increase mercury emissions, they must obtain daily fly ash samples, composites monthly, and analyze the samples for mercury.
[64 FR 31925, June 14, 1999, as amended at 64 FR 53070, Sept. 30, 1999; 67 FR 16620, Apr. 5, 2002; 67 FR 44769, July 5, 2002; 67 FR 72585, Dec. 6, 2002; 71 FR 76551, Dec. 20, 2006]
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